๋ณธ๋ฌธ ๋ฐ”๋กœ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ

โญ Group_Study70

[10์ฃผ์ฐจ] RAID Architecture RAID Architecture RAID architecture โœ” Redundant Array of Inexpensive DIsks(RAID) โœ” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ disk๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ disk๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ OS support, RAID controller โœ” Disk system์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ Performance (access speed) Reliablility RAID 0 โœ” Disk striping ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ํ•œ block์„ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‚˜์šฐ์–ด ๊ฐ disk์— ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ €์žฅ โœ” ๋ชจ๋“  disk์— ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๊ท ๋“ฑ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ Parallel access Performance ํ–ฅ์ƒ (์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— disk ์ˆ˜๋งŒํผ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ) โœ” ํ•œ Disk์—์„œ ์žฅ์•  ์‹œ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์†์‹ค ๋ฐœ์ƒ Low reliablilit.. 2023. 2. 3.
[10์ฃผ์ฐจ] Disk Scheduling Disk Scheduling Disk Scheduling โœ” Disk access ์š”์ฒญ๋“ค์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ˆœ์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ • โœ” Disk system์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ โœ” ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ค€ Throughput: ๋‹จ์œ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋‹น ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰ Mean response time: ํ‰๊ท  ์‘๋‹ต ์‹œ๊ฐ„ Predictability: ์‘๋‹ต ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ฑ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ๋ฌด๊ธฐํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ(starvation)๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ฐฉ์ง€ Disk Access Time Seek time ๋””์Šคํฌ head๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ cylinder๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ Rotational delay (1 ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ) ํ•„์š”ํ•œ sector๊ฐ€ head์œ„์น˜๋กœ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‹๋‚˜ Data transmission time (2 ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ) ํ•ด๋‹น sector๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด์„œ ์ „์†ก(or ๊ธฐ๋ก)ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„ Optimizing Seek Time FC.. 2023. 2. 2.
[10์ฃผ์ฐจ] I/O System I/O System I/O System (HW) I/O Mechanism Processor controlled memory access Polling (Programmed I/O) Interrupt Direct Memory Access (DMA) Pooling (Programmed I/O) โœ” Processor๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ I/O ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ƒํƒœ ํ™•์ธ ๋ชจ๋“  I/O ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ™•์ธ ์ „์†ก ์ค€๋น„ ๋ฐ ์ „์†ก ์ƒํƒœ ๋“ฑ โœ” ์žฅ์  Simple I/O ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ , ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก์ด ์žฆ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํšจ์œจ์  โœ” ๋‹จ์  Processor์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ํผ Pooling overhead (I/O device๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ) Interrupt โœ” I/O ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•œ ํ›„, ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ Processor์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌ Interrupt ๋ฐœ.. 2023. 2. 1.
[9์ฃผ์ฐจ] File System Implementation File System Implementation Allocation Methods โœ” Continuous allocation โœ” Discontinuous allocation Linked allocation Indexed allocation Continuous Allocation โœ” ํ•œ File์„ ๋””์Šคํฌ์˜ ์—ฐ์†๋œ block์— ์ €์žฅ โœ” ์žฅ์  ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ file ์ ‘๊ทผ (์ˆœ์ฐจ, ์ง์ ‘ ์ ‘๊ทผ) โœ” ๋ฌธ์ œ์  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด file์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ™•๋ณด ์–ด๋ ค์›€ External fragmentation File ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›€ ํŒŒ์ผ์ด ์ปค์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ ๋ ค ํ•„์š” Linked Allocation (Discontinuous alloc.) โœ” File์ด ์ €์žฅ๋œ Block๋“ค์„ Linked List๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋น„์—ฐ์† ํ• ๋‹น ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ โœ” Dir.. 2023. 1. 30.
[9์ฃผ์ฐจ] File Protection File Protection File Protection โœ” File์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ํ•„์š” โœ” ์ ‘๊ทผ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๋“ค Read(R) Write(W) Execute(X) Append(A) File Protection Mechanism โœ” ํŒŒ์ผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ sytem size ๋ฐ ์‘์šฉ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Password ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ file๋“ค์— PW ๋ถ€์—ฌ ๋น„ํ˜„์‹ค์  (๋ชจ๋“  file์— ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€) Access Matrix ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• Access Matrix โœ” ๋ฒ”์œ„(domain)์™€ ๊ฐœ์ฒด(object)์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ๋ช…์‹œ โœ” Terminologies Object ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋Œ€์ƒ(file, device๋“ฑ HW/SW objects) Domain (Protection domai.. 2023. 1. 29.
[9์ฃผ์ฐจ] Directory Structure Directory Structure Directory Structure โœ” Logical directory structure Flat(Single level) 2-level Hierarchical(tree-structure) Acyclic graph General graph Flat Directory Structure โœ” FS ๋‚ด์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ directory๋งŒ ์กด์žฌ Single-level directory structure โœ” Issues File naming File protection File management ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ปค์ง„๋‹ค โœ” ex: ์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ mp3 player 2-level Directory Structure โœ” ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ directory ๋ฐฐ์ • โœ” ๊ตฌ์กฐ MFD (.. 2023. 1. 28.